This chapter examines New Orleans as a lasting symbol of French colonialism in “The New World.” From its origins in New France to the Louisiana Purchase and the rise of English dominance, the city has remained a hub of French cultural influence. Despite political shifts and language decline, French heritage endures in New Orleans’ architecture, cuisine, festivals, and traditions, shaping its distinct identity within both the United States and the Francophone world.

This chapter explores the politics of language in Morocco, where French remains a symbol of power and privilege despite decades of independence. Introduced during the French Protectorate (1912–1956), French continues to dominate education, administration, and economic opportunities, reinforcing class divisions. While Arabization policies and the recognition of Tamazight sought to reclaim linguistic identity, French persists as the elite language, though English and Amazigh activism are increasingly challenging its dominance.

This chapter examines France’s colonial past in Vietnam, from its rule under French Indochina (1887–1954) to its lasting cultural and diplomatic influence. While French control reshaped Vietnam’s politics, economy, and education, it also fueled nationalist movements that led to independence. Today, France maintains ties through soft power, trade, and education, but its influence is waning as Vietnam shifts toward global powers like the U.S. and China.